史上最简单的SpringCloud教程 | 第二篇: 服务消费者(rest+ribbon)

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在上一篇文章,讲了服务的注册和发现。在服务架构中,业务都会被拆分成一个独立的服务,服务与服务的通讯是基于http restful的。Spring cloud有两种调用方式,一种是ribbon+restTemplate,另一种是feign。在这一篇文章首先讲解下基于ribbon+rest。

一、ribbon简介

Ribbon is a client side load balancer which gives you a lot of control over the behaviour of HTTP and TCP clients. Feign already uses Ribbon, so if you are using @FeignClient then this section also applies.

-----摘自官网

ribbon是一个负载均衡客户端,可以很好的控制htt和tcp的一些行为。Feign也用到ribbon,当你使用@ FeignClient,ribbon自动被应用。

ribbon 已经默认实现了这些配置bean:

IClientConfig ribbonClientConfig: DefaultClientConfigImpl

IRule ribbonRule: ZoneAvoidanceRule

IPing ribbonPing: NoOpPing

ServerList<Server> ribbonServerList: ConfigurationBasedServerList

ServerListFilter<Server> ribbonServerListFilter: ZonePreferenceServerListFilter

ILoadBalancer ribbonLoadBalancer: ZoneAwareLoadBalancer

二、准备工作

基于上一节的工程,启动eureka-server 工程;启动service-hi工程,它的端口为8762;将service-hi的配置文件的端口改为8763,并启动它,这时你会发现:service-hi在eureka-server注册了2个,这就相当于一个小的集群。访问localhost:8761如图所示:

史上最简单的SpringCloud教程 | 第二篇: 服务消费者(rest+ribbon)

三、建一个服务消费者

重新新建一个spring-boot工程,取名为:service-ribbon;

它的pom.xml文件如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>    <groupId>com.forezp</groupId>    <artifactId>service-ribbon</artifactId>    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>    <packaging>jar</packaging>    <name>service-ribbon</name>    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>    <parent>        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>        <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->    </parent>    <properties>        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>        <java.version>1.8</java.version>    </properties>    <dependencies>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>            <scope>test</scope>        </dependency>    </dependencies>    <dependencyManagement>        <dependencies>            <dependency>                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>                <version>Dalston.RC1</version>                <type>pom</type>                <scope>import</scope>            </dependency>        </dependencies>    </dependencyManagement>    <build>        <plugins>            <plugin>                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>            </plugin>        </plugins>    </build>    <repositories>        <repository>            <id>spring-milestones</id>            <name>Spring Milestones</name>            <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>            <snapshots>                <enabled>false</enabled>            </snapshots>        </repository>    </repositories></project>

向服务注册中心注册一个新的服务,这时service-ribbon既是服务提供者,也是服务消费者。配置文件application.yml如下:

eureka:  client:    serviceUrl:      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/server:  port: 8764spring:  application:    name: service-ribbon

在工程的启动类中,通过@EnableDiscoveryClient向服务中心注册;并且注册了一个bean: restTemplate;通过@ LoadBalanced注册表明,这个restRemplate是负载均衡的。

@SpringBootApplication@EnableDiscoveryClientpublic class ServiceRibbonApplication {    public static void main(String[] args) {        SpringApplication.run(ServiceRibbonApplication.class, args);    }    @Bean    @LoadBalanced    RestTemplate restTemplate() {        return new RestTemplate();    }}

这时我们需要测试下,建一个service类:

@Servicepublic class HelloService {    @Autowired    RestTemplate restTemplate;    public String hiService(String name) {        return restTemplate.getForObject("http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name="+name,String.class);    }}

通过restTemplate.getForObject方法,service-ribbon 就可以调用service-hi的方法了。并且在调用的工程中并之需要写服务的名,而不是具体的ip.

写一个controller:

/** * Created by fangzhipeng on 2017/4/6. */@RestControllerpublic class HelloControler {    @Autowired    HelloService helloService;    @RequestMapping(value = "/hi")    public String hi(@RequestParam String name){        return helloService.hiService(name);    }}

访问 http://localhost:8764/hi?name... 浏览器交替显示:

hi forezp,i am from port:8762

hi forezp,i am from port:8763

这说明当我们通过调用restTemplate.getForObject("http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name="+name,String.class),获取service-hi的方法时,已经做了负载均衡,访问了不同的端口的服务。

四、此时的架构

史上最简单的SpringCloud教程 | 第二篇: 服务消费者(rest+ribbon)

一个服务注册中心,eureka server,端口为8761

service-hi工程跑了两个副本,端口分别为8762,8763,分别向服务注册中心注册

sercvice-ribbon端口为8764,向服务注册中心注册

当sercvice-ribbon通过restTemplate调用service-hi的hi接口时,因为用ribbon进行了负载均衡,会轮流的调用service-hi:8762和8763 两个端口的hi接口;

源码下载: https://github.com/forezp/SpringCloudLearning/tree/master/chapter2

五、参考资料

本文参考了以下:

spring-cloud-ribbon

springcloud ribbon with eureka

服务消费者

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